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At present, crystalline silicon (including polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon) remains the most important photovoltaic material, with a market share exceeding 90%. It is expected to remain the primary material for solar cells for the foreseeable future. The production technology for polycrystalline silicon materials is controlled by 10 factories operated by 7 companies, all located in three countries: the United States, Japan, and Germany. This situation creates a scenario of technical blockade and market monopoly. The primary demand for polycrystalline silicon comes from the semiconductor and solar cell industries. Based on purity requirement, it is classified into electronic grade and solar energy grade. Electronic grade polycrystalline silicon accounts for approximately 55%, while solar cell grade accounts for 45%.
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, the growth in demand for solar polycrystalline silicon exceeds that of semiconductor polycrystalline silicon. It is anticipated that the demand for solar polycrystalline silicon will surpass that of electronic grade polycrystalline silicon by 2020. In 1994, the global total output of solar cells was only 69MW, while in 2004, it reached close to 1200MW, representing a 17-fold increase in just 10 years. Experts predict that the solar photovoltaic industry will surpass nuclear power in the first half of the twenty-first Century to become one of the most important primary energy sources.
Flexible Solar Panel
It is one of the most innovative technologies of today, and this holds true for numerous reasons. Once just an idea, the use of solar panels to produce power has now become a reality, with the solar industry experiencing signficant growth and many new solar products flooding the market. This technology not only benefits individuals but also has positive implications for humanity as a whole. Its special creative approach enables the generation of sustainable and renewable energy in a manner that mitigates environment concerns.
Solar Panel Kits
Typically, it comprises an array of photovoltaic modules, a controller, a battery pack for power storage, an inverter, connectors, cables and optionally, a solar tracking mechanism, also known as a photovoltaic system. The Photovoltaic System also encompasses smaller accessories. A series of solar cells are installed in a fixed location (e.g., rooftops of homes, ground-based base-station locations, etc.) and can be connected to a battery bank to store energy for off-peak usage. They can also supplement mains-supply chargers for energy saving during daylight hours. The characteristics of a small solar power supply system include having only DC load and low power requirements, with the entire system being simple in structure and easy to operate. Its primary applications are in general household systems, various civilian DC products, and associated entertainment equipment. For instance, photovoltaic systems have been widely deployed in China's western region, where the load consists of DC lamps, addressing the lighting needs in areas without electricity.
Solar Chargers
Utilize solar energy to supply electricity to the devices or charge batteries. These chargers are typically portable or foldable and can charge lead acid or Ni-Cd battery banks up to 48 V and capacities of hundreds of ampere-hours (up to 4000 Ah) or more. Generally, this type of solar charger setup utilizes an intelligent charge controller to protect the charging devices.
While most portable or foldable chargers rely solely on solar power, some special solar chargers can operate in dual models - recharged by the sun or plugged into a wall socket for charging). Examples of solar chargers commonly used include:
- Small portable or foldable models designed to charge various smartphones, iPhone, mobile phones, cell phones, iPods, or other small USB devices.
- Fold-out models designed to sit on the dashboard of an automobile and plug into the cigar or 12v lighter socket to keep the battery topped up while the vehicle is not in use.
- Solar Flashlights or torches, often paired with a secondary charging method, such as a kinetic (hand crank generator) charging system.
- Public solar chargers installed permanently in public places, such as parks, residential areas, squares, and streets, which anyone can use for free.
